Supervisi Klinik Atau Program Pelatihan Terstruktur Untuk Kompetensi Perawat: Sytematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8923Keywords:
Supervisi klinis, kompetensi klinis, pengembangan kompetensi, perawat, tinjauan sistematis, uji coba terkontrol secara acak, praktik berbasis buktiAbstract
Latar Belakang: Kompetensi perawat merupakan komponen kunci dalam menjamin mutu dan keselamatan pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga pengembangannya perlu didasarkan pada praktik berbasis bukti. Namun, bukti mengenai efektivitas supervisi klinis dan program peningkatan kompetensi terstruktur masih menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi dan belum konklusif, sehingga diperlukan systematic review untuk mensintesis bukti dari penelitian dengan kualitas metodologis yang kuat. Tujuan: Systematic review ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas supervisi klinis dan/atau program pelatihan terstruktur dalam meningkatkan kompetensi perawat dibandingkan dengan praktik standar atau tanpa intervensi. Kriteria Eligibilitas: Studi yang diinklusi melibatkan perawat klinis dengan desain RCT dan Quasi Eksperimental studies, tersedia dalam teks lengkap, berbahasa Inggris, dan diterbitkan pada periode 2016–2026. Intervensi meliputi supervisi klinis dan/atau program pelatihan terstruktur dengan outcome utama berupa kompetensi perawat. Metode: Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan sesuai pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, CENTRAL, dan ProQuest. Proses seleksi studi, ekstraksi data, dan penilaian risiko bias dilakukan secara independen oleh dua peninjau. Risiko bias dinilai menggunakan Cochrane RoB 2 dan ROBINS-I, sedangkan kualitas bukti dievaluasi menggunakan pendekatan GRADE. Sintesis data dilakukan secara naratif. Hasil: Delapan studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa supervisi klinis dan program pelatihan terstruktur cenderung meningkatkan kompetensi perawat, khususnya pada kinerja klinis dan keterampilan praktik. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepercayaan diri perawat juga dilaporkan, meskipun tingkat kepastian bukti untuk outcome utama dinilai rendah hingga sedang. Kesimpulan: Supervisi klinis dan program pelatihan terstruktur memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kompetensi perawat, namun kepastian bukti berkisar dari rendah hingga moderat menunjukkan diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan kualitas metodologis yang lebih kuat.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Suwalgiyah, Reni Andriyani, Alni Lisarni, Dhea Natashia, Muhammad Hadi
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