Literature Review tentang Motivasi Guru di Wilayah Kepulauan dalam Perspektif Kesejahteraan, Tantangan Geografis, dan Transformasi Pendidikan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8735Keywords:
motivasi guru, wilayah kepulauan, daerah terpencil, kesejahteraan guru, systematic literature review.Abstract
Motivasi guru merupakan faktor kunci dalam menjaga kualitas dan keberlanjutan pendidikan, khususnya di wilayah kepulauan yang menghadapi tantangan geografis dan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara sistematis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi motivasi guru di wilayah kepulauan melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Sebanyak 25 artikel ilmiah nasional dan internasional yang terbit dalam rentang 2015–2025 dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema utama yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi guru di wilayah kepulauan dipengaruhi oleh tiga dimensi utama, yaitu faktor intrinsik (panggilan moral, dedikasi sosial, identitas profesional), faktor ekstrinsik (insentif finansial, fasilitas hunian, akses transportasi, dukungan kebijakan), dan faktor sosial (dukungan komunitas serta kepemimpinan sekolah). Motivasi intrinsik terbukti menjadi fondasi ketahanan profesional guru, namun keberlanjutannya sangat bergantung pada dukungan struktural dan kebijakan yang memadai. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi meliputi isolasi geografis, keterbatasan akses teknologi, keterlambatan distribusi tunjangan, serta minimnya pengembangan profesional. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan motivasi guru di wilayah kepulauan memerlukan pendekatan multidimensional yang mengintegrasikan kesejahteraan, penguatan identitas profesional, dukungan sosial, dan kebijakan afirmatif berbasis wilayah. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar perumusan strategi kebijakan yang lebih kontekstual dan berkelanjutan dalam meningkatkan retensi dan kualitas guru di daerah kepulauan.
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