Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, And Ethanol Extracts Of Malacca Fruit (Phyllanthus Emblica L.) Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8696Keywords:
Phyllanthus emblica, Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening, Agar well diffusionAbstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (Malacca fruit) is a tropical plant traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite content through phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of Malacca fruit against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The simplicia was extracted using graded maceration. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Antibacterial testing was performed using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 3.125–100 mg/mL. Results showed that all three extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacteria. The ethanol extract demonstrated the highest inhibition, with zones of 23.78 mm and 21.63 mm against E. coli and S. aureus at 100 mg/mL, respectively. Inhibition zones increased with increasing extract concentration. The ethanol extract exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, likely due to its ability to extract a broader range of polar bioactive compounds.
References
Ani, N. (2018). Identifikasi senyawa aktif tanaman obat. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 15(2), 45–52.
Bhagat, A. (2016). A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 6(5), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v6i5.1310
Dahl, G. V., & Muggle, S. T. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus emblica L. on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus subtilis. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 2(4), 564–569.
Davies, J., & Davies, D. (2010). Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 74(3), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00016-10
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2014). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kiswandono, A. Y. (2011). Skrining senyawa kimia dan pengaruh metode maserasi dan refluks terhadap berat jenis dan berat rendemen. Jurnal Sains Natural, 1(2), 107–112.
Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Duraivel, S., & Umadevi, M. (2012). Traditional and medicinal uses of banana. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(3), 51–63.
Mariana, S., & Solikin, A. (2018). Ekstraksi senyawa aktif dari bahan alam menggunakan pelarut polar dan non-polar. Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia, 20(3), 85–92.
Mufti, A. F. (2017). Escherichia coli and diarrhoea. British Journal of Nursing, 26(2), 96–101.
Ningrum, A. L., Sudarsono, S., & Rahayu, W. (2016). Exploration of Indonesian medicinal plant species for herbal medicine development. Procedia Chemistry, 18, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.010
Novitasari, R., & Putri, A. (2016). Peran saponin sebagai antimikroba dan pembersih pada luka. Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia, 5(3), 198–205.
Pathak, S. (2003). Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its chemical, pharmacological, and ethnomedicinal properties. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 5(3), 91–95.
Prayoga, E. (2013). Perbandingan efek ekstrak daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) dengan metode difusi disk dan sumuran terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus [Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah].
Radji, M., & Manurung, R. (2011). Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi: Panduan Mahasiswa Farmasi dan Kedokteran. EGC.
Singh, S., & Sarika. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of Emblica officinalis and Moringa oleifera against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(14), 3265–3268.
Yunika, A. (2017). Staphylococcus aureus resisten terhadap antibiotik meticillin. Jurnal Majority, 6(2), 74–77.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
