Peran Bimbingan Konseling dalam Pemulihan Trauma Psikologis pada Korban Bencana Alam: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8670Keywords:
Bencana Alam, Efektivitas Konseling, Pemulihan Trauma Psikologis, Tantangan Implementasi, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral TherapyAbstract
Bencana alam menimbulkan konsekuensi psikologis mendalam yang memerlukan intervensi konseling komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mensintesiskan temuan terkini mengenai peran bimbingan konseling dalam pemulihan trauma psikologis pada korban bencana alam. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan pendekatan PRISMA 2020, menganalisis literatur akademis dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, dan Cochrane Library. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh literatur akademis periode 2020-2025 dalam bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia mengenai konseling dan pemulihan trauma bencana alam. Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang jelas. Analisis data menggunakan content analysis kualitatif, thematic analysis, dan narrative synthesis approach untuk mengorganisasi temuan ke dalam kategori tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, dan pendekatan terintegrasi spiritual terbukti efektif mengurangi gejala PTSD, depresi, dan kecemasan, dengan mekanisme kerja melibatkan pemrosesan emosional, peningkatan efikasi diri, mobilisasi dukungan sosial, dan fasilitasi pertumbuhan pascatrauma. Implementasi menghadapi tantangan struktural mencakup keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur, stigma sosial, dan hambatan institusional. Kesimpulannya, konseling berbasis bukti yang diadaptasi secara kultural terbukti efektif dalam pemulihan trauma bencana alam, namun memerlukan integrasi sistematis, pelatihan profesional berkelanjutan, dan dukungan sumber daya berkelanjutan untuk implementasi optimal.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rinna Yuanita Kasenda, Anatacia Michelle Tasiam, Stevania Tambuwun, Silvia Appulembang, Maya Elvianti Tikat, Cika Faradila Umalekhoa, Nabila Wahyuni Midu
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