Relationship Between Anemia and Nutritional Status of Third Trimester Pregnant Women with the Incidence of Low Birth Weight in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8646Keywords:
Anemia; Low Birth Weight; Nutritional Status; Pregnant Women; Deli SerdangAbstract
Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW), defined as birth weight below 2,500 grams, remains a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas. Anemia and chronic energy deficiency (CED) during pregnancy are recognized risk factors for LBW. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anemia and nutritional status of third trimester pregnant women with the incidence of LBW in the working area of Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang Regency.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2025 involving 60 third-trimester pregnant women selected by total sampling. Anemia was assessed using hemoglobin measurement (Hb <11 g/dL defined as anemic), and nutritional status was evaluated using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC <23.5 cm indicating CED). Data were collected through direct interviews, medical record review, and physical measurement. Logistic regression and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics committee.
Result: Of 60 participants, 36.7% delivered LBW infants. Anemia was found in 56.7% of respondents, and 46.7% experienced CED. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between anemia and LBW (p=0.013; OR=4.22; 95% CI: 1.35–13.20) and between nutritional status and LBW (p=0.009; OR=5.33; 95% CI: 1.67–17.02). Anemic pregnant women had 4.22 times higher odds of delivering LBW infants compared to non-anemic mothers.
Conclusion: Anemia and poor nutritional status during the third trimester of pregnancy are significantly associated with increased risk of LBW. Strengthening antenatal care, iron supplementation programs, and nutritional interventions in rural areas are critical to reducing LBW incidence.
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