Risk Factor Analysis of Preeclampsia Incidence in Primigravida Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Puskesmas Padang Bulan, Medan Baru District, Medan City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8642Keywords:
Preeclampsia; Primigravida; Risk Factors; Antenatal Care; Qualitative Research; Maternal HealthAbstract
Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly affecting primigravida women who lack prior pregnancy experience and are less familiar with warning signs. Understanding the multifaceted risk factors from the perspectives of affected women and healthcare providers is essential to guide preventive interventions in primary care settings. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach using the Colaizzi method to explore the lived experiences, perceived risk factors, and healthcare-seeking behaviors related to preeclampsia among primigravida mothers. Data were collected from December 12, 2025 to January 3, 2026 through in-depth interviews with 15 purposively selected participants at Puskesmas Padang Bulan, Medan Baru District, Medan City, Indonesia. Inclusion criteria encompassed primigravida mothers diagnosed with preeclampsia during the third trimester. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and trustworthiness was ensured through member checking, triangulation, and peer debriefing. Four major themes emerged from the data: (1) Limited health literacy and awareness of preeclampsia warning signs; (2) Lifestyle and nutritional risk behaviors during pregnancy; (3) Psychosocial stressors and inadequate social support; and (4) Barriers to timely antenatal care access. Participants frequently described delayed recognition of danger signs and underestimated the severity of their condition due to cultural beliefs and socioeconomic constraints. Primigravida women in the Padang Bulan working area face compound risk factors for preeclampsia, including limited awareness, nutritional deficits, psychosocial stress, and structural barriers to care. Targeted health education interventions integrated into antenatal care programs and community-based midwifery services are urgently needed.
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