META-ANALYSIS: FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8433Keywords:
Maternal Anemia, Risk Factors, Meta-Analysis, Nutritional Status, Iron Supplementation, Anemia Ibu Hamil, Faktor Risiko, Meta-Analisis, Status Gizi, Suplementasi Zat BesiAbstract
Anemia among pregnant women remains a major public health problem with serious consequences for both maternal and fetal health. Numerous studies have explored factors associated with anemia during pregnancy; however, the findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze factors influencing the occurrence of anemia among pregnant women using a meta-analysis approach. A meta-analysis was conducted on ten observational studies published between 2023 and 2025, sourced from national and international peer-reviewed journals. Eligible articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed using Jamovi software. The pooled effect size was calculated using the log Odds Ratio (log OR), accompanied by heterogeneity and publication bias assessments. The results showed a pooled effect size of 1.05 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.715–1.380 and a p-value < 0.001, indicating a statistically significant association between the examined risk factors and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women. Poor nutritional status and adherence to iron supplementation emerged as the most consistent and influential determinants. Heterogeneity across studies was very low (I² = 1.53%), suggesting high consistency among the included studies, and no evidence of publication bias was identified. In conclusion, anemia in pregnancy is a multifactorial condition that requires comprehensive and integrated interventions, including improvement of maternal nutritional status, increased adherence to iron supplementation, effective health education, and strengthened antenatal care services.
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