Pemulihan Paska Operasi Bedah Sehari pada Anestesi Umum dan Regional: Literatur Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.7823Keywords:
pemulihan pasca operasi; general anestesi; regional anestesi; bedah sehariAbstract
Pemilihan teknik anestesi pada bedah sehari harus mempertimbangkan secara serius profil pemulihan pasca-operasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mensintesis bukti mengenai pemulihan paska-operasi setelah anestesi umum dan anestesi regional pada pasien yang menjalani bedah sehari, dengan fokus pada nyeri, kebutuhan opioid, efek samping, serta readiness for discharge. Desain penelitian berupa literature review naratif terhadap artikel jurnal terindeks yang melibatkan prosedur berkarakteristik day surgery. Data diekstraksi terkait jenis anestesi, desain studi, jenis operasi, dan indikator pemulihan, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik tanpa meta-analisis kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa anestesi regional, baik sebagai teknik utama maupun tambahan general anesthesia, secara konsisten terkait dengan nyeri lebih rendah, penurunan kebutuhan opioid, dan insiden post operative nausea and vomitus yang lebih sedikit, serta waktu pemulihan lebih singkat dan keberhasilan pulang hari yang sama lebih tinggi dibanding anestesi umum murni. Bukti juga menunjukkan bahwa anestesi regional berperan dalam menurunkan kejadian delirium, terutama melalui pengendalian nyeri dan pengurangan opioid, sementara anestesi umum tidak selalu menimbulkan gangguan kognitif bermakna. Kesimpulannya, anestesi regional merupakan komponen kunci pemulihan optimal dalam bedah sehari dan idealnya diintegrasikan dengan anestesi umum
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