Review Artikel: Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Karet terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Anorganik NPK, NPKMg dan Kieserite Berbeda Jenis dan Dosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.7548Keywords:
Bibit Karet, Kieserite, NPKMg, N,P,K, Pupuk Anorganik, Tanaman KaretAbstract
Tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan strategis di Indonesia yang produktivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bibit pada fase pembibitan. Salah satu faktor penentu kualitas bibit adalah ketersediaan unsur hara melalui pemupukan. Artikel review ini mengkaji respons pertumbuhan bibit karet terhadap aplikasi pupuk anorganik berbeda jenis dan dosis, yaitu NPK, NPKMg, dan Kieserite. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK pada dosis optimum mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, dan bobot kering, sementara dosis yang lebih tinggi cenderung menurunkan efisiensi serapan hara. Penambahan magnesium (Mg) dalam formulasi NPKMg memberikan hasil lebih baik dibanding NPK biasa, karena Mg berperan penting dalam pembentukan klorofil, fotosintesis, dan pengembangan sistem perakaran. Pupuk Kieserite (MgSO₄) juga terbukti efektif karena selain menjadi sumber Mg yang cepat tersedia, juga menyediakan sulfur (S) yang mendukung sintesis protein dan pembentukan biomassa. Kombinasi NPK dengan Kieserite menunjukkan sinergi positif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit karet. Namun demikian, pemupukan berlebih berisiko menurunkan efisiensi dan menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan nutrisi. Prospek penelitian diarahkan pada formulasi pupuk majemuk yang lebih seimbang, integrasi pupuk anorganik dengan organik atau hayati, serta inovasi pupuk pelepasan terkendali untuk mendukung pertumbuhan bibit karet yang optimal, efisien, dan berkelanjutan.
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