Disrupsi Ekonomi Digital: Bagaimana AI Mengubah Pola Produksi, Konsumsi, dan Persaingan Usaha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.7544Keywords:
Disrupsi Ekonomi Digital, Kecerdasan Buatan, Pola Produksi, Perilaku Konsumen, Persaingan UsahaAbstract
Disrupsi ekonomi digital yang dipicu oleh perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah membawa perubahan fundamental dalam struktur ekonomi modern, khususnya pada pola produksi, konsumsi, dan persaingan usaha. AI telah berkembang menjadi faktor strategis yang membentuk model bisnis, perilaku konsumen, serta dinamika pasar digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif bagaimana AI mendorong disrupsi ekonomi digital serta implikasinya terhadap pelaku usaha dan pembuat kebijakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari Google Scholar dan website kredibel tertentu pada rentang publikasi 2012–2025. Dari 50 artikel awal yang teridentifikasi, dilakukan seleksi ketat berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehingga diperoleh 38 artikel yang dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI mengubah pola produksi melalui otomatisasi dan pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, merevolusi pola konsumsi melalui personalisasi dan algoritma rekomendasi, serta mengintensifkan persaingan usaha melalui dominasi platform digital dan dinamika winner-takes-all. Meskipun AI menciptakan peluang efisiensi dan inovasi, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan berupa ketimpangan persaingan, risiko etika, dan ketergantungan pada algoritma. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi adaptif dan kebijakan regulatif yang seimbang untuk memastikan pemanfaatan AI yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif dalam ekonomi digital.
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