Pemetaan Faktor Demografis, Klinis, Perilaku, dan Psikososial yang Mempengaruhi Interdialytic Weight Gain pada Pasien Hemodialisis: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.7415Keywords:
Interdialytic Weight Gain, Hemodialysis, Predictors, Fluid Restriction, Scoping ReviewAbstract
Latarbelakang : Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) merupakan indikator klinis penting yang merefleksikan keseimbangan cairan serta tingkat kepatuhan pasien terhadap pembatasan cairan selama menjalani terapi hemodialisis. IDWG yang berlebihan secara konsisten dikaitkan dengan berbagai luaran klinis yang merugikan, termasuk komplikasi kardiovaskular, ketidakstabilan intradialitik, peningkatan angka rawat inap, hingga mortalitas. Namun demikian, bukti ilmiah mengenai determinan IDWG masih tersebar dan belum terintegrasi secara komprehensif, terutama yang mencakup dimensi demografis, klinis, perilaku, dan psikososial.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain scoping review yang disusun berdasarkan kerangka metodologis Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) dan dilaporkan sesuai pedoman PRISMA-ScR. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara sistematis melalui basis data PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel yang diterbitkan pada periode 2005–2025. Studi yang mengkaji prediktor atau determinan IDWG pada pasien dewasa yang menjalani hemodialisis dimasukkan dalam analisis.
Hasil : Sebanyak 26 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Determinan IDWG diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat domain utama, yaitu faktor demografis (usia, jenis kelamin), klinis (urine output residual, lama menjalani hemodialisis, natrium dialisat), perilaku (kepatuhan pembatasan cairan dan diet), serta psikososial (self-efficacy, persepsi haus, dan stres). Faktor klinis dan perilaku merupakan determinan yang paling sering dilaporkan, sementara variabel psikososial relatif jarang dimasukkan dalam model analisis multivariat.
Kesimpulan : IDWG dipengaruhi oleh determinan multidimensional yang saling berinteraksi. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya pengembangan model prediktif yang lebih integratif dengan mengombinasikan faktor psikososial bersama faktor klinis dan perilaku, khususnya dalam konteks lokal dan penelitian longitudinal
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