Modulasi Hormon Leptin Dan Ghrelin Oleh Berbagai Modalitas Latihan Fisik: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.6925Keywords:
Aerobic Exercise, Ghrelin, Leptin, Physical Exercise, Resistance TrainingAbstract
Latar Belakang: Regulasi nafsu makan dan homeostasis energi melibatkan leptin (hormon kenyang dari jaringan adiposa) dan ghrelin (hormon oreksigenik dari lambung), yang disregulasinya berkontribusi pada obesitas dan sindrom metabolik. Latihan fisik memodulasi hormon ini, tetapi temuan heterogen antar modalitas, durasi, dan populasi. Tujuan: Meninjau secara sistematis pengaruh berbagai modalitas latihan fisik terhadap kadar leptin dan ghrelin pada dewasa. Metode: Systematic review naratif mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan pencarian kerangka PICO di PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, dan ScienceDirect. Populasi: dewasa ≥18 tahun (sehat, atlet, overweight/obesitas, kondisi metabolik/klinis). Sampel: lima studi intervensi (RCT/kuasi-eksperimental; n≈153 subjek). Instrumen: formulir ekstraksi data standar dan Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Analisis: sintesis naratif membandingkan perubahan hormonal. Hasil: Latihan kronik kombinasi aerobik-resistensi secara konsisten menurunkan leptin pada kelompok obesitas/sindrom metabolik; latihan aerobik akut intensitas tinggi menurunkan acylated ghrelin sementara (exercise-induced anorexia). Latihan kronik dengan penurunan berat badan meningkatkan ghrelin secara kompensatorik. Kesimpulan: Latihan fisik memodulasi leptin/ghrelin secara kontekstual berdasarkan jenis, durasi, dan karakteristik populasi, mendukung protokol kombinasi untuk pasien metabolik dengan monitoring ghrelin guna mengatasi kompensasi.
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