Tinjauan Sistematis: Pengaruh Vaksinasi Hpv Terhadap Penurunan Prevalensi Infeksi Hpv Tipe 16 Dan 18 Pada Wanita Usia Subur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.6905Keywords:
Kanker Serviks, HPV 16/18, Vaksinasi HPV, Usia Subur, Tinjauan SistematisAbstract
Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks tetap menjadi beban kesehatan global utama, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, dengan tipe HPV 16 dan 18 sebagai pendorong utama insidensi tinggi. Meskipun program vaksinasi HPV nasional telah diterapkan, efektivitas pada wanita usia subur (≥17 tahun) memerlukan evaluasi berbasis populasi. Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini menilai pengaruh vaksinasi HPV terhadap penurunan prevalensi infeksi HPV 16/18 pada wanita usia subur. Metode: Pencarian berpedoman PRISMA 2020 di PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Cochrane Library (2020-2025) mengidentifikasi empat studi berbasis populasi (kohort/surveilans/cross-sectional). Populasi menargetkan wanita usia subur; sampel dari Kolombia, Jepang, Australia, Swedia. Ekstraksi data menggunakan tabel standar; sintesis naratif membandingkan prevalensi pra/pasca-vaksinasi. Hasil: Vaksinasi menurunkan prevalensi HPV 16/18 sebesar 61-99%, dengan Swedia mencatat penurunan 98-99% melalui kekebalan kelompok. Kesimpulan: Vaksin HPV memberikan perlindungan tingkat populasi yang substansial, mendukung perluasan vaksinasi catch-up untuk eliminasi kanker serviks.
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