Analisa Depenalisasi Tindak Pidana Pengemisan dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i1.5005Keywords:
Depenalisasi, Pengemisan, Pembaruan Hukum PidanaAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji kelayakan depenalisasi tindak pidana pengemisan dalam pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia dengan memadukan pendekatan doktrinal-normatif, telaah kebijakan daerah, dan perbandingan lintas negara. Berangkat dari kritik atas efektivitas kriminalisasi pengemisan yang historisnya berakar pada rezim vagrancy kolonial, lemah dari sisi mens rea, dan sering bertabrakan dengan mandat konstitusional perlindungan fakir miskin tulisan ini menilai reposisi hukum pidana sebagai ultimum remedium serta kebutuhan pemisahan tegas antara domain pidana dan administratif-sosial. Kebaruan artikel terletak pada perumusan model depenalisasi bertingkat: (i) jalur administratif-sosial untuk pengemisan karena kemiskinan yang terintegrasi dengan layanan dan indikator kinerja (jangkauan layanan, reintegrasi, dan penurunan interaksi koersif); (ii) rute perlindungan anak dan pemberantasan eksploitasi/koersi (termasuk perdagangan orang) dengan fokus sanksi pada pelaku; dan (iii) pidana sebagai jalan terakhir bagi perilaku berulang disertai agresi atau bagi pihak yang mengeksploitasi. Studi perbandingan (AS, Belanda, Arab Saudi, Malaysia, Singapura) menunjukkan pola konsisten: kriminalisasi status memicu penegakan selektif dan eksklusifitas sosial, sedangkan pergeseran ke instrumen sosial menghasilkan tata kelola yang lebih manusiawi asalkan due process dan standar pembatasan diskresi ditegakkan. Artikel kemudian menawarkan pedoman harmonisasi perda agar tidak mereplikasi larangan KUHP lama, melainkan memprioritaskan instrumen non-penal yang selaras dengan Pancasila dan keadilan substantif di era termasuk munculnya pengemisan daring. Temuan mengonfirmasi bahwa depenalisasi bukan pembiaran, melainkan realokasi instrumen demi efektivitas, proporsionalitas, dan penghormatan martabat manusia.
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