Strategi Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) di Tingkat Pendidikan Menengah melalui Difusi Inovasi

Santy Handayani; Siti Wahyuni; Rina Marlia; Suhendra Suhendra

doi:10.31004/joecy.v5i3.4665

Authors

Santy Handayani Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Siti Wahyuni Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Rina Marlia Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Suhendra Suhendra Universitas Pakuan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i3.4665

Abstract

This study aims to analyze strategies for utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in secondary education through Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory (2003). The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA framework. A total of 34 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Sinta databases were systematically reviewed to identify adoption patterns, driving factors, and barriers in AI implementation within secondary schools. The findings indicate that the adoption of AI in secondary education is still at an early diffusion stage, with a sharp increase in research interest since 2021. Five innovation attributes—relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability—significantly influence teachers’ and students’ adoption intentions. Relative advantage and compatibility were identified as the strongest drivers of adoption, whereas complexity remains a major barrier requiring system simplification and continuous professional training. The study proposes a conceptual model of AI innovation diffusion consisting of three strategic pillars: Human Readiness, Institutional Support, and Innovation Ecosystem. These pillars collectively emphasize the importance of human capability, institutional policy, and cross-sector collaboration to ensure ethical, inclusive, and sustainable AI adoption. Properly implemented, AI has the potential to transform secondary education into a more adaptive, data-driven, and equitable learning system in the digital era.

References

Alhumaid, K., Al Naqbi, S., Elsori, D., & Al Mansoori, M. (2023). The adoption of artificial intelligence applications in education. International Journal of Data & Network Science, 7(1).

Boussouf, Z., Amrani, H., Khal, M. Z., & Daidai, F. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Data and Metadata, 3, 288.

Garzón, J., Burgos, D., & Tlili, A. (2025). Mobile Learning Significantly Enhances Student Learning Gains: A Meta-Analysis and Research Synthesis. Computers & Education, 105415.

Garzón, J., Patiño, E., & Marulanda, C. (2025). Systematic review of artificial intelligence in education: Trends, Benefits, and challenges. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 9(8), 84.

Ghimire, A., & Edwards, J. (2024). Generative AI adoption in classroom in context of technology acceptance model (TAM) and the innovation diffusion theory (IDT). ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2406.15360.

Laksana, N. Y., Rengkaningtias, A. U., & Handayani, W. (2023). Diffusion of artificial intelligence-based learning innovation; A case study in MTs Muhammadiyah Tawangsari Sukoharjo. Informasi, 53(2), 321–330.

Mustafa, M. Y., Tlili, A., Lampropoulos, G., Huang, R., Jandrić, P., Zhao, J., Salha, S., Xu, L., Panda, S., & Kinshuk. (2024). A systematic review of literature reviews on artificial intelligence in education (AIED): a roadmap to a future research agenda. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 59.

Nuryadin, R., & Marlina, M. (2023). The use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) in education-(literature review). Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 7(2), 143–158.

Phillips, K. N. (2025). Artificial Intelligence: Diffusion of Innovation and Generational Considerations in a Higher Education Institution. Ed.D dissertation. . Ed.D dissertation. .

Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations 5th. Free press.

Wieczorek, M., Hosseini, M., & Gordijn, B. (2025a). Unpacking the ethics of using AI in primary and secondary education: a systematic literature review. AI and Ethics, 1–19.

Wieczorek, M., Hosseini, M., & Gordijn, B. (2025b). Unpacking the ethics of using AI in primary and secondary education: a systematic literature review. AI and Ethics, 1–19.