Analysis of the Influence of Job Autonomy, Leadership Style, and Emotional Intelligence on Employee Well-Being in Gig Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i3.4366Keywords:
job autonomy, leadership style, emotional intelligence, employee well-beingAbstract
This study examines how job autonomy, leadership style, and emotional intelligence factors influence freelancers within the gig economy. I used a quantitative approach, conducting a survey of intentionally sampled 150 participants. These participants were gig workers for at least six months, engaged with customers or service users, and had a work schedule of roughly 20 hours a week. As the primary data collection tool, I used a validated five-point Likert scale questionnaire analyzed with a t-test, and reliability was checked by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha. Before regression analysis, I performed classical assumption testing including checks for normality, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity. The results of data processing indicate that the three independent variables jointly have a significant effect on worker well-being. Separately, each variable also shows a positive effect, meaning that greater job autonomy, better perceived leadership, and higher levels of emotional intelligence, lead to higher levels of well-being perceived by gig workers. These findings broaden theoretical understanding in the field of human resource management, particularly in non-traditional work contexts. In addition, these results can also be used as a practical reference by digital platform management in designing strategies that are more responsive to the welfare needs of freelancers in the digital economy era.
References
Wibowo, T. S., Suhendi, D., Suwandana, I. M. A., Nurdiani, T. W., & Lubis, F. M. (2023). The Role Of Transformational Leadership And Organizational Culture In Increasing Employee Commitment. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(2).
Rony, Z. T., Lubis, F. M., Santoso, B., & Rizkyta, A. (2020). The relevance of political skills for leaders and managers in the industrial revolution 4.0: A case study of the Indonesian private television industry. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(1), 447-465.
Lubis, F. M., Nofirman, N., Sudadi, S., Zuraida, Z., & Arief, I. (2023). Distance Learning from the Teachers’ Perspective and Students' Learning Experience Based on Self Confidence.
Lubis, F. M., Rony, Z. T., & Santoso, B. (2020, March). Digital leadership in managing employee work motivation (case study: oil and gas industry in Indonesia). In ICSS 2019: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, ICSS 2019, 5-6 November 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia (p. 297). European Alliance for Innovation.
Aryanto, T., Tukinah, U., Hartarini, Y. M., & Lubis, F. M. (2020). Connection of stress and job satisfaction to successful organizational stress management: a literature review. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7(11), 217-225.
Zakaria, M., Ismail, A., Hendratni, T. W., Putrianti, F. G., Soeprapto, A., & Lubis, F. M. (2025). ANALISIS PENGARUH SELF-LEADERSHIP, WORKPLACE WELL BEING DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PADA INDUSTRI JASA. JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS, 14(2), 1953-1962.
Harahap, M. A. K., Apramilda, R., Wahyuningratna, R. N., Husaini, H., Ariyanti, R., & Hendratni, T. W. (2025). Peran Kompetensi Sdm, Adopsi Teknologi dan Kolaborasi Dalam Organisasi: Upaya Penguatan UMKM Indonesia: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, 3(4), 5288-5293.
Putra, F. A., & Kurniati, D. (2024). -Mengoptimalkan Kinerja: Investigasi Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Kompensasi, dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 8283-8294.
Tarigan, B. A., Hamidah, H., & Nurjanah, S. (2022). Effect of recruitment, compensation, and job satisfaction on permanent lecturer retention at PTS Lldikti Region III Jakarta with organizational commitment as mediato. Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service, 3(13), 2353-2367.
Annas, N., & Putra, F. A. (2024). Peran Kepuasan Kerja dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai: Perspektif Mediasi Lingkungan dan Keselamatan Kerja. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 8105-8118.
Rahmawati, P., Safa, H., & Putra, F. A. (2024, December). HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT PT. LOTTE CHEMICAL INDONESIA: AN APPROACH TO WELVARE, PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY. In Proceeding of International Students Conference of Economics and Business Excellence (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 704-709).
Usmany, P., Ngabalin, A. M., Utami, T. W., & Putrianti, F. G. (2024). The Impact of Strategic Management on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Economics (IJEC), 3(2).
Wahyuriani, D., Sari, R. E., & Putrianti, F. G. (2025). THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AND WORK CULTURE ON PERFOMANCE IN THE PAMONG PRAJA POLICE UNIT OF CIREBON DISTRICT. International Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-17.
Ariawan, J., Tarigan, B. A., Mardiah, A., Siahaan, F. S., & Parandy, L. M. (2023). Analysis of the influence of burnout, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention of electronic manufacturer employees in Indonesia. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 9(5), 2016-2020.
Arief, I., Tarigan, B. A., & Ariawan, J. (2023). The Influence Of Social Support, Work Engagement And Organizational Citizenship Behavior On Work Commitment Of Medical Workers. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 9(6), 2397-2401.
Tarigan, B. A., Marnoto, M., Anwar, S., & Yusda, D. D. (2024). The Impact of Leadership Styles, Organizational Culture, and Innovation on School Performance in Private Educational Institutions in Bogor City. International Education Trend Issues, 2(2), 365-373.
Tarigan, B. A., & Nurmiati, A. S. (2024). The Effects of Leadership Style, Resource Allocation, and School Culture on Teacher Job Satisfaction and Retention Rates in Indonesian High Schools. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1), 1457-1470.
Wibowo, T. S., Ginting, H. B., Tarigan, B. A., Bangun, S., & Supriatna, M. D. (2023). Organizational Culture and Training As Determinants of Employee Performance Improvement in the VUCA Era. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(2).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatimah Malini Lubis, Tyahya Whisnu Hendratni, Feby Arma Putra, Sonya Sidjabat, Flora Grace Putrianti, Budi Akhmad Tarigan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
