Analisis Perbandingan Dampak AI terhadap Pekerja Sektor Informal dan UMKM: Perspektif Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.3241Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, sektor informal, UMKM, pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan dampak Artificial Intelligence (AI) terhadap pekerja sektor informal dan pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Pasar Minggu (Jakarta Selatan) dan Rappocini (Makassar) dalam perspektif pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui kuesioner dan wawancara kepada 120 responden, terdiri dari 60 pelaku sektor informal dan 60 pelaku UMKM. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih responden berdasarkan kriteria lama usaha minimal dua tahun dan keterlibatan langsung dalam aktivitas usaha di wilayah penelitian. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan profil responden, tingkat adopsi AI, dan dampak penggunaannya terhadap pendapatan, efisiensi operasional, perluasan pasar, penciptaan peluang kerja, serta penurunan beban kerja manual.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat adopsi AI di Pasar Minggu lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Rappocini, baik pada sektor informal maupun UMKM. UMKM secara konsisten mencatat manfaat yang lebih besar dibandingkan sektor informal, terutama dalam peningkatan pendapatan (15% di Pasar Minggu dan 10% di Rappocini) dan efisiensi operasional (20% di Pasar Minggu dan 14% di Rappocini). Sektor informal umumnya hanya memanfaatkan teknologi sederhana seperti aplikasi kasir digital dan fitur otomatis media sosial, sedangkan UMKM telah mengintegrasikan chatbot, aplikasi analisis penjualan, dan desain produk berbasis AI. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendidikan, literasi digital, ketersediaan infrastruktur, dan dukungan kebijakan daerah.Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kebijakan berbasis wilayah untuk memperluas adopsi AI secara merata, termasuk pelatihan literasi digital, subsidi teknologi, dan penguatan infrastruktur internet, sehingga AI dapat menjadi pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi berkelanjutan dan pengurangan kesenjangan digital.
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