Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Jagung Berpengisi Nanocrystal Cellulose (NCC) dari Ampas Tebu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.3009Keywords:
Bioplastik, pati jagung, nanokristalin selulosa, ampas tebu, minyak serehAbstract
Permasalahan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh akumulasi limbah plastik konvensional telah mendorong pengembangan bioplastik berbasis bahan alami yang ramah lingkungan dan biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bioplastik berbasis pati jagung dengan penambahan nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) hasil isolasi dari limbah ampas tebu sebagai agen penguat, gliserol sebagai plastisiser, serta minyak sereh sebagai agen antimikroba alami. Isolasi NCC dilakukan melalui tahap delignifikasi dan pemutihan menggunakan gelombang mikro, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisis asam sulfat. Karakterisasi NCC dan biokomposit meliputi analisis FTIR, difraksi, analisis termal TGA-DSC. Bioplastik diformulasikan dengan konsentrasi NCC 6% b/b (terhadap massa pati) dan variasi konsentrasi minyak sereh (6%, 12%, 18%, dan 24% v/v), lalu diuji sifat termalnya. Hasil analisis termogravimetri (TGA) dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) menunjukkan bahwa penambahan NCC mampu meningkatkan stabilitas termal serta menurunkan kehilangan massa pada bioplastik. Spektrum FTIR mengindikasikan bahwa struktur dasar selulosa tetap terjaga, dengan penghilangan sebagian besar gugus fungsi lignin akibat perlakuan kimia dan gelombang mikro. Penambahan minyak sereh memberikan potensi aktivitas antimikroba tanpa menyebabkan perubahan signifikan terhadap karakteristik termal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah ampas tebu dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber NCC yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan karakteristik bioplastik pada aplikasi kemasan ramah lingkungan.
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