Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Dengan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum x africanum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.2038Keywords:
Antibacterial, Basil leaf, Bay leaf, Streptococcus mutansAbstract
Dental caries infection is one of the most common dental health problems and is caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, but irrational use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Therefore, the development of natural-based treatments is needed. One of the plants utilized for this purpose is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and basil leaf (Ocimum × africanum). This research objective is to examine the antibacterial activity of the combination of bay leaf and basil leaf extracts against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The research is a quantitative experimental laboratory study. The bay and basil leaves were extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol as the solvent, followed by phytochemical screening. Antibacterial testing toward Streptococcus mutans was conducted using the disc diffusion method with concentration ratios of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, and 70%:30%. Phytochemical screening of both extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the combination of bay leaf and basil leaf extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, indicated by the formation of clear zones around the paper discs, with average inhibition zone diameters of 6.15 mm (PI: 50%:50%), 8.8 mm (PII: 60%:40%), and 9.47 mm (PIII: 70%:30%), categorized as moderate activity. Based on a One-Way ANOVA test, a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05) indicated a significant difference among the different extract concentrations in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans. Further analysis using Tukey’s HSD test showed that the PIII treatment (70%:30%) differed significantly compared to the other treatment groups. In conclusion, the combination of bay leaf and basil leaf extracts has potential as an antibacterial agent against the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
References
Adriana, A. N. I. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betlel L) Terhadap Streptococcus Mutans. Pharmacology And Pharmacy Scientific Journals, 1(1), 20–28.
Afdilla, N., Asman Setiawan Jumain, M., & Maysima Syam, D. (2023). Uji Efektifitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L) dan Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococus mutans. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Kesehatan Gigi, 3(2), 67–72.
Agung, B. P., Imawati, M. F., & Angga, R. S. (2022). Pengaruh Metode Maserasi Dan Soxhletasi Terhadap Kadar Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L). Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 8(2), 317–321.
Agustina, W., Nurhamidah, & Handayani, D. (2017). Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Beberapa Fraksi Dari Kulit Batang Jarak (Ricinus communis L.). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Kimia, 1(2), 117–122.
Alouw, G., Fatimawali, F., & Lebang, J. S. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dengan Metode Difusi Sumuran. Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ), 5(1), 36.
Ariani, N., Febrianti, D. R., & Niah, R. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitr. Jurnal Pharmascience, 7(1), 107.
Asiva & Noor. R. (2023). Antibiotik, Infeksi Dan Resistensi. Andalan University Press
Chairunnisa, S., Wartini, N. M., & Suhendra L. (2019). Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) sebagai Sumber Saponin. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 7(4), 551–560.
Darma, W., & Marpaung, M. P. (2020). Analisis Jenis Dan Kadar Saponin Ekstrak Akar Kuning (Fibraurea chloroleuca miers) Secara Gravimetri. Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Dan Ilmu Kimia, 3(1), 51–59.
Dhuha, S., Bodhi, W., & Kojong, N. (2016). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lamun (Syiringodium isoetifolium) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmacon. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi – UNSRAT, 5(1), 231–237.
Djafar, F., Yamlean, P. V., & Siampa, J. P. (2021). Formulasi Mouthwash Ekstrak Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Sebagai Antibakteri Karies Gigi (Streptococcus mutans). Pharmacon, 10(4), 1169–1177.
Fakhruzy., Kasim, A., Asben, A., & Anwar, A. (2020). Review: Optimalisasi Metode Maserasi Untuk Ekstraksi Tanin Rendemen Tinggi. Menara Ilmu, XIV(2), 38–41.
Juariah, S. (2021). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Serai (Cymbopogon citratus L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy, 4(1), 63–73.
Kemenkes. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf. In Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes (p. hal 156).
Kemenkes RI. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 (SKI). Kemenkes, 235.
Kemenkes, RI. (2017). Formularies. Pills and the Public Purse, 97–103.
Klau, I. C. S., Ningsih, A. W., & Putra, W. F. I. (2022). Ekstraksi Dan Fraksinasi Buah Pisang Mentah (Musa paradisiaca L.). Journal of Pharmacy Science and Technology, 3(1), 181–190.
Klau, M. H. C., & Hesturini, R. J. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans (Burm F) Lindau) Terhadap Daya Analgetik Dan Gambaran Makroskopis Lambung Mencit. Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia, 4(1), 6–12.
Kusuma, I. M., & Ningrum, C. W. (2021). Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum x africanum Lour.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sainstech Farma, 14(2), 87–90.
Lahamendu, B., Bodhi, W., & Siampa, J. P. (2019). Uji Efek Analgetik Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Putih (Zingiber officinale Rosc.Var. Amarum) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Pharmacon, 8(4), 927.
Lifiani, R., Utama, R. F., Harianja, E. S., & Kartini, R. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Tekesnos, 4(1), 417–424.
Marthinu, L. T., & Bidjuni, M. (2020). Penyakit Karies Gigi Pada Personil Detasemen Gegana Satuan Brimob Polda Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2019. JIGIM (Jurnal Ilmiah Gigi Dan Mulut), 3(2), 58–64.
Nasution, M. F. (2023). Pengaruh Daun Kemangi (Ocimum x africanum L.) Sebagai Pengawet Alami Ikan Kembung (Rastrellinger sp.). Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy, 2.
Nike, H. (2023). Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut. Eureka Media Aksara
Nurhayati, R., Purnamawati, E., Dwi Anggraini, L., Farmasi, F., & Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, I. (2022). Analisis Kualitatif Fitokimia Kandungan Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi Metanol Daun Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott) Menggunakan Metode Klt-Densitometri Phytochemical Qualitative Analysis Of Flavonoid Content Of Taro Leaves Colocasia esculent. Jurnal Pharma Bhakta, 2(2), 24–30.
Nurjannah, I., Ayu, B., Mustariani, A., & Suryani, N. (2022). Spin Jurnal Kimia & Pendidikan Kimia Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) Dan Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Sebagai Zat Aktif Pada Sabun Antibakteri. Spin, 4(1), 23–36.
Nuzulia, R., & Santoso, O. (2020). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L) Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Diponegoro Medical Journal (Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro), 6(4), 1565–1571.
Oktapiya, T. R., Pratama, N. P., & Purnamaningsih, N. (2022). Analisis fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis ekstrak etanol daun rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2), 105–110.
Pangestu, E. C., & Kusuma, S. B. W. (2023). Antibacterial Test of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Mouthwash. J. Chem. Sci, 12(3), 226–236.
Pratiwi, R. H. (2017). Mekanisme Pertahanan Bakteri Patogen Terhadap Antibiotik. Jurnal Pro-Life, 4(3), 418–429.
Robuta, M. R., Ekowati, D., Kurniasari, F., Farmasi, F., & Budi, U. S. (2025). Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Krim Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi ( Ocimum x africanum Lour.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dengan Variasi Nilai Hydrophile-Lyphophile Balance (Hlb) Emulgator Formulation And Physical Stability Tes. 10(1), 44–54.
Safutri, W., Riza, D., Nopi, A. P., & Fitri, W. (2024). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Salam Dan Daun Sambiloto Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. 24, 131–141.
Syahrul, D., & Syahriel, D. (2021). Optimal Concentration Of Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum x africanum L.) In Inhibiting The Growth Of Streptococcus mutans In Vitro. Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG), 17(2), 97–102.
Yuniarti, R., & Khairina. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia dan Karakteristik Mutu Fisik Sediaan Obat Kumur Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian, 5(1), 252–255.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Riza Dwiningrum , Wina Safutri , Mida Pratiwi , Lintang Sevira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
