Perkawinan Anak di Bawah Umur: Kajian Normatif dan Realitas Sosial dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.14654Keywords:
Child Marriage, Positive Law Mariage Dispensation, Social Impact, IndonesiaAbstract
Child marriage remains a widespread social phenomenon in Indonesia despite stricter regulations. UNICEF (2023) reports that 16% of women aged 20–24 were married before the age of 18, amounting to 32.1 million women, placing Indonesia fourth globally in terms of child marriage prevalence. Data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (MoWECP, 2023) show a national prevalence of 8.06%, with government targets to reduce it to 8.74% by 2024 and 6.94% by 2030. The enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019 raised the minimum marriage age for both men and women to 19 years, yet the practice of marriage dispensation continues to create legal loopholes (Badilag, 2025). Records from the Directorate General of Religious Courts (Badilag) of the Supreme Court show tens of thousands of dispensation cases in 2022, including 12,083 cases in PTA Semarang, 15,485 in PTA Surabaya, and 5,851 in PTA Bandung, with a declining trend in 2023–2025 but still significant (Badilag, 2025). The purpose of this study is to analyze the normative framework of Indonesian positive law regarding child marriage and to evaluate its social consequences, particularly in relation to education, poverty, and reproductive health. A normative juridical approach was employed, combining legal analysis with empirical data from UNICEF, MoWECP, and Badilag. The findings reveal that child marriage leads to school dropouts, intergenerational poverty, reproductive health risks, and legal uncertainty. This research underscores the urgent need to strengthen the regulation of marriage dispensation and to implement comprehensive reproductive health education programs for adolescents.
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