Arsitektur Amfibi dan Struktur Apung: Rekayasa Sipil-Arsitektur Menghadapi Ancaman Tenggelamnya Kota-Kota Pesisir Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i2.14400Keywords:
Arsitektur Amfibi, Struktur Apung Skala Besar, Amblesan Tanah, Rekayasa Pesisir, Urbanisme Laut, Resiliensi Iklim.Abstract
Kenaikan permukaan air laut global yang dipicu oleh perubahan iklim, dikombinasikan dengan amblesan tanah (land subsidence) yang masif akibat ekstraksi air tanah antropogenik, mengancam eksistensi kota-kota pesisir metropolitan di seluruh dunia. Paradigma rekayasa konvensional yang mengandalkan infrastruktur pertahanan kaku (hard-engineered defenses) seperti tanggul laut (seawalls) dan bendungan lepas pantai mulai menunjukkan batasan struktural, finansial, dan ekologisnya. Makalah ini menyajikan tinjauan komprehensif, integratif, dan futuristik mengenai "Arsitektur Amfibi" (Amphibious Architecture) dan "Struktur Apung Skala Besar" (Very Large Floating Structures - VLFS) sebagai pergeseran paradigma dari strategi "melawan air" menjadi "hidup bersama air". Melalui pendekatan lintas disiplin yang memadukan rekayasa sipil hidrodinamika dan desain arsitektur adaptif, artikel ini menganalisis material maju (advanced materials), sistem penjangkaran (mooring systems), mekanika struktur dinamis, serta pemodelan tata ruang perkotaan laut (marine urbanism). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa integrasi bangunan amfibi berbasis fondasi ponton fleksibel dan VLFS modular tidak hanya mereduksi risiko katastrofe banjir secara signifikan, melainkan juga memulihkan ekosistem pesisir, menghemat biaya siklus hidup infrastruktur, dan menyediakan ruang urban baru yang resilien untuk masa depan peradaban manusia.
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