Orientasi Pertumbuhan Strategis Pasar Ekspor: Analisis Sepuluh Tahun Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Ke Jepang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i2.12781Keywords:
Daya Saing Ekspor, Kopi Indonesia, RCA, EPD, Unit Value, CMSA.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan transformasi strategi ekspor komoditas kopi Indonesia di pasar domestik Jepang selama kurun waktu sepuluh tahun dari 2016 hingga 2025. Meskipun Indonesia secara konsisten berada di jajaran lima besar negara pengekspor kopi utama dunia, kinerja ekspor secara volume ke Jepang justru mengindikasikan adanya tren penyusutan di tengah peningkatan permintaan global. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif yang mengintegrasikan empat alat analisis secara simultan, yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), Unit Value (UV), dan Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kopi Indonesia secara empiris mempertahankan keunggulan komparatif yang kuat dengan rentang indeks RCA 1,13 hingga 2,71. Namun demikian, pemetaan EPD menempatkan komoditas ini pada kuadran Retreat, yang tervalidasi melalui dekomposisi CMSA di mana Indonesia mencatatkan efek daya saing bervolume negatif sebesar 51.873 US Dollar. Paradoks hilangnya pangsa pasar volume di tengah tingginya daya saing ini terjawab melalui analisis UV, yang mengonfirmasi bahwa eksportir Indonesia secara rasional menerapkan harga yang sangat premium dengan rasio mencapai 1,35 pada tahun 2025. Kesimpulannya, penyusutan pangsa kuantitatif bukanlah indikasi inefisiensi pasar, melainkan konsekuensi logis dari pergeseran strategi bisnis dari kepemimpinan biaya (volume-based competition) menuju diferensiasi produk premium (value-based competition).
References
Ayu Sitanini, A. S. (2020). Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Jepang. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 13 No. 3, 253-263.
Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Manchester: The Manchester School.
BPS Indonesia. (2025). Ekspor Kopi Menurut Negara Tujuan Utama, 2000-2024. Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/MTAxNCMx/ekspor-kopi-menurut-negara-tujuan-utama--2000-2024.html
Cia Cai Cen, E. N. (2021). Permintaan Kopi Indonesia: Studi terhadap Dua Negara Tujuan Utama Ekspor. Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 1 No. 3, 108-119.
Daily Coffee News. (2023, Juni 21). Indonesia Coffee Report: Robusta Declines, Agroforestry Arabica Picks Up. Retrieved Maret 28, 2025, from Daily Coffee News: https://dailycoffeenews.com/2023/06/21/indonesia-coffee-report-robusta-declines-agroforestry-arabica-picks-up/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Eddie Rinaldy, D. I. (2021). Perdagangan Internasional: Konsep dan Aplikasi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Eddie Rinaldy, D. I. (2021). Perdagangan Internasional: Konsep dan Aplikasi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Edward E. Leamer, d. R. (1970). Quantitative International Economics. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.
Fagerberg, J. (1987). The Method of Constant Market Share Analysis Reconsidered. Applied Economics 19(12).
Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro, d. (2024). Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Di Jepang. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia (Journal of Indonesian Agribusiness) Vol. 12 No. 1, 27-36.
Gatot Sujono, D. N. (2023). EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL TEORI, KONSEP DAN PEMBAHASAN KAJIAN Jilid 2. Malang: Penerbit Peneleh.
Hallak, J. C. (2006). Product quality and the direction of trade. Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), 238-265.
Intan Hayati Syahputri, H. H. (2023). Analysis Of Performance And Competitiveness Of Indonesian Coffee Exports To Japan. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies Vol. 40 No. 2, 321-328.
International Coffee Organization. (2024, Desember). Paving the way for a sustainable future through coffee diplomacy. Cofee Year 2023/24.
Lall, S. (2001). Competitiveness Indices and Developing Countries: An Economic Evaluation of the Global Competitiveness Report. World Development, Elsevier, Vol. 29, No. 9, 1501-1525.
Lionel Fontagné, d. (2008). Specialization across Varieties and North-South Competition [with Discussion]. Economic Policy Vol. 23, No. 53, 51-91.
Mizik, T. (2021). Agri-Food Trade Competitiveness: A Review of the Literature. Sustainability 12, 11235.
Mohammad Rondhi, H. N. (2024). Segmented Market of Indonesian Coffee Exports to International Market: RFM Approach. JOURNAL OF COFFEE AND SUSTAINABILITY Vol. 01, No. 02, 79-83.
Morris, R. K. (2017). A HANDBOOK FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH. International Development Research Centre.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
Raja Zacharie, S. D. (2024). Analisis Daya Saing Biji Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis Vol. 6, No. 4, 690-696.
Richardson, J. (1971). Constant-market-shares analysis of export growth. Journal of International Economics Vol. 1, No. 2, 227-239.
Schott, P. K. (2004). Across-Product Versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 119, Issue 2, 647-678.
Siew-Ling Liew, d. (2021). Determinants of Export Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 22, No. 2, 618-636.
Sitanini, A. (2022). COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN COFFEE EXPORTS TO JAPAN. Perwira Journal of Economics & Business, Vol. 2 No. 2, 85-98.
Suparmono, d. (2022). Determining Competitiveness of Indonesian Export Commodities using Revealed Comparative Analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, Vol. 23, No. 1, 66-80.
Tampubolon, J. (2019). RCA Analysis With Selected Product: Modified Approach Applied to Indonesian Export. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, Vol. 11, No. 2, 143-157.
Tampubolon, J. (2019). RCA Analysis With Selected Product: Modified Approach Applied to Indonesian Export. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan Vol. 11, No. 2, 143-157.
Trade Map. (2024). List of supplying markets for the product imported by Japan in 2024. Trademap.Org. Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c%7c%7c%7c0901%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1
Trade Map. (2025). List of importers for the selected product in 2024 Product : 0901 Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes. Trademap.org. Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c0901%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1
Trade Map. (2025). List of supplying markets for a product imported by Japan Product: 0901 Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes. Trademap.org. Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c%7c%7c%7c0901%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1
Vebri Dwi Permana, M. P. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis of Indonesia's Coffee Exports to the Global Market from 1991 to 2021. Scientia Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 2 No. 1, 45-60.
Widodo, T. (2009). Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures And Case Studies. Review of Economic and Business Studies, 57-82.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Abyan Husain Saefurrahman, Engkur, Asep Saefurahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
