Tinjauan Literatur Tentang Kebijakan Moneter: Peran Strategis, Efektivitas, Dan Tantangan Di Era Ekonomi Modern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.1264Keywords:
Kebijakan Moneter, Inflasi, Suku Bunga, Bank Sentral, Literatur Review, Ekonomi DigitalAbstract
Kebijakan moneter merupakan instrumen fundamental dalam manajemen ekonomi makro yang bertujuan menjaga stabilitas harga, mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi, serta memastikan keseimbangan neraca eksternal. Penelitian ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur terhadap perkembangan teori, praktik, dan efektivitas kebijakan moneter dalam berbagai konteks negara, khususnya setelah krisis keuangan global 2008 dan tantangan ekonomi digital. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka (literature review) dari jurnal-jurnal akademik, laporan institusional, dan studi empiris dalam dua dekade terakhir. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan kebijakan moneter sangat dipengaruhi oleh kredibilitas bank sentral, koordinasi dengan kebijakan fiskal, serta respons sektor keuangan terhadap instrumen yang diterapkan. Di era digital, bank sentral juga menghadapi tantangan baru seperti kripto, digitalisasi sistem pembayaran, dan tekanan geopolitik global. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya fleksibilitas kebijakan dan integrasi lintas sektor untuk menjaga efektivitas moneter di masa depan.
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